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|
| Geography
Of Minahasa Raya (Manado
City,Bitung City,Minahasa Regency)
|
Geographic
positions
|
Minahasa
Manado
Bitung |
:
0°25' - 1°58' North latitude and 124°20' - 125°20
East longitude
: 1° - 4° north latitude and 124° - 125°
East longitude
: 1° - 2° north latitude and 125° - 126°
East longitude |
Area
|
Minahasa
Manado
Bitung |
:
416,780 Ha
: 15,726 Ha
: 30,400 Ha |
The altitude varies between 0
and 1995 m.
The soil in Minahasa Raya
contains phosphoric acid, calcium and magnesium which are
suitable for agriculture. The soil consists of Latosol, Red
Yellow Podsolic, Alluvial, Regosol, Rendzina and Andosol.
Beyond the cultivated areas,
the land primarily consists of protected areas (forested on
mountains, mangroves along the beach between Wori and
Likupang, nature preserves, and the marine park around
Bunaken and Manado Tua).
Weather and Climate
The climate and weather of
Minahasa Raya are characterized by two tropical seasons,
which vary with the equatorial air circulation (the Walker
circulation) and the meridian air circulation (the Hardley
circulation).
The displacement of the latter follows the
north-south movement of the sun and its relative position
from the earth, in particular from the continents of Asia
and Australia, at certain periods of the year. These factors
contribute to the displacement and intensity of the
Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) which is an
equatorial trough of low pressure that produces rain.
Thus,
the west and east monsoons, or the rainy and dry seasons,
are a prevalent feature of the tropical climate.
The climate changes every
six months. The dry season (June to September) is influenced
by the Australian continental air masses; while the rainy
season (December to March) is the result of the Asian and
Pacific Ocean air masses.
The air contains vapor which
precipitates and produces rain in the country. Tropical
areas have rains almost the whole year through. The
transitional periods between the two seasons are April to
May and October to November.
The average temperatures
may be classified as follows:
- Coastal plains: 28oC
- Inland and mountain areas: 26oC
- Higher mountain areas: 23oC, varying with the
altitude.
Being in a tropical zone, Minahasa Raya has an average
relative humidity between 70% and 90%, with a minimum of 73%
and a maximum of 87%.
Lake
| Lake |
Area
(Ha) |
| 1. TONDANO |
4278 |
| 2. LINOU |
35 |
| 3. WUNGANGAAN |
30 |
| 4. BULILIN |
22 |
| 5. KAWELAN |
8 |
| 6. MOKOBANG |
3 |
| 7. PANGOLOMBIAN |
2 |
| 8. SENDOW |
2 |
|
| 1.
Klabat |
1995 |
| 2.
Soputan |
1820 |
| 3.
Lokon |
1689 |
| 4.
Manimporok |
1661 |
| 5.
Rindengan |
1553 |
| 6.
Tagui |
1520 |
| 7.
Tampusu |
1500 |
| 8.
Tatawiran |
1474 |
| 9.
Lumedon |
1425 |
| 10.
Lolombulan |
1402 |
| 11.
Aiseput |
1400 |
| 12.
Dua Sudara |
1351 |
| 13.
Kautil |
1332 |
| 14.
Mahawu |
1311 |
| 15.
Kawatak |
1200 |
| 16.
Tangkoko |
1149 |
| Klabat |
| Klabat
is a stratovolcano (a volcano composed of both lava flows and
pyroclastic material) and fumarolic (a volcano with a vent or
opening through which issue steam, hydrogen sulfide, or other
gases; the craters of many dormant volcanoes contain active
fumaroles). Klabat has been inactive
for a long time. It is the highest mountain in North Sulawesi.
Good for climbing and camping.
|
| Lokon |
| Lokon
is a stratovolcano located near the small town Tomohon, a town
in the Minahasa regency, about 25 km from Manado city. It has
had 21 eruptions in historic times. Lokon and its twin
volcano, Empung, rise about 800 m above the plain of Tondano.
Lokon is higher than Empung, and the
summits are only 2.2 km apart. The two volcanoes are among the
most active volcanoes of Sulawesi. There is no crater at the
summit but only a flat area. Empung crater, which is younger
than Lokon, has a width of 400 m and 150 m deep. There
is an active crater, Tompuluan, which is located at the saddle
of these two peaks.
This Tompuluan crater is better known as the
Lokon crater, and is 250 m long and 150 m wide. The easiest
way to reach the summit is through Kakaskasen, in a one hour
walk. The Volcanic Observatory is located at Kakaskasen, a
suburb of Tomohon.
|
| Mahawu |
| Mahawu
is a stratovolcano located near the small town of Tomohon.
Mahawu is a favorite place for climbing activity in Great
Minahasa. The easiest way to reach the summit is from
Kakaskasen. The crater wall can be reached in about one hour
on foot. |
| Soputan |
| The
small conical volcano of Soputan on the southern rim of the
Quaternary Tondano caldera is one of Sulawesi's most active
volcanoes.
This young largely unvegetated volcano is
located SW of Sempu volcano and evolved at the southern end of
a SSW-NNE trending line of vents. In earlier times the locus
of eruptions has included both the summit crater and Aiseput,
a prominent NE flank vent that formed in 1906 and was the
source of intermittent major lava flows until 1924.
Eruptions of Soputan: spectacular eruption
in May 2000. Also in 1991-93, 1991, 1989, 1985, 1984, 1982,
1973, 1971, 1970, 1968, 1966-67, 1953, 1947, 1923-24, 1917,
1915, 1913, 1911-12, 1910, 1908-09, 1907, 1906, 1901, 1890,
1845, 1833, 1819, 1785.
|
| Tangkoko |
| Tangkoko
is a stratovolcano rising 1149 m above sea level. It has
a deep crater as well as a parasite cone named G.Batu Angus
Baru.
Tangkoko is located at 1° 31' N and 125°
11.5' E while Batu Angus Baru at 1° 30.5' N and 125° 13' E. Tangkoko
and its volcano neighbor named Dua Saudara have a simple
morphology. They are divided by a raised path. At the foot of
this raised path is the source of both Batu Putih and Air
Prang rivers.
Tangkoko has an elliptical shape. Tangkoko's
crater is 2 km x 1 km in diameter and is 200 m deep. At
the southern flank of Tangkoko, 2 km away, the lava dome of
Batu Angus Baru is found.
Historical records of Tangkoko show that
more eruptions have occurred at Batu Angus Baru; no
inhabitants have been reported killed. However, future
eruptions may cause many victims as the area around the
volcano is now densely populated.
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RIVERS
| River |
Length
(Km) |
| 01.
Munte |
|
| 02.
Tondano |
|
| 03.
S. Malalayang |
|
| 04.
S. Luaan/Lalon |
|
| 05.
S. Onggak |
|
| 06.
S. Tumpa |
|
| 07.
S. Talawaan |
34,8 |
| 08.
S. Manado |
|
| 09.
S. Poigar |
54,2 |
| 10.
S. Ranoyapo |
51,9 |
| 11.
S. Ranowangko |
20 |
| 12.
S. Onggak Mangondow |
42,1 |
| 13.
S. Nuangan |
22,7 |
| 14.
S. Sinobayugu |
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| Source: Regional Office of Public Work, North Sulawesi |
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